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Active Oldest Votes. Hydrogen's special structure becomes very important when you learn how hydrogen interacts with other elements in the periodic table. If you learn about nuclear fusion you will learn about deuterium and tritium.
Deuterium is a hydrogen atom with an extra neutron and tritium has two extra. You won't find much deuterium in your backyard. It's mainly in oceans. Don't worry if you do find it, it's not radioactive. It's a stable isotope. Useful Reference Links. See the full list of chemistry topics at the site map! Let me clear the core reasons in a simple and elaborative way. Before moving directly over reasons, firstly readout below the terminologies to get familiar with this concept.
Dalton said that the atom is the smallest quantity of matter. But, later research proved that an atom consists of three subatomic particles, which are electron, neutron, and proton. First of all, negatively charged particles i. Thomson in The credit for the discovery of proton was given to Rutherford in Although experiments were done by Goldstein in , he did not name those positive charge particles. The neutrons, neutral particles, were discovered by the bombardment of alpha particles on Beryllium by James Chadwick in The charge on the proton and an electron is equal 1.
Neutron is neutral and does not carry any charge. Electron is the lightest of three subatomic particles having a mass of 9. However, the neutron is slightly heavier than the proton. The mass of proton and neutron are 1.
The proton and neutrons are present in the nucleus of the atom whereas the electrons rotate around the nucleus. The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus owing to the large mass of protons and neutrons as compared to electrons. On the basis of the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons, we can define three isotopes of the Hydrogen atom. Isotopes are atoms of the element, which have the same atomic number but a different mass number.
There are three isotopes of the hydrogen atom, which are named Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium. The Protium isotope is the most abundant out of three isotopes whereas Deuterium, and Tritium isotopes are present in very minute quantities. However, other unstable isotopes of the hydrogen atom have been prepared in laboratories but they are not available in nature.
Hence, these unstable isotopes are not studied. As we all know that, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons in that atom and the mass number of an atom is defined as the summation of the number of protons and number of neutrons present in an atom. For a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in an atom to neutralize the charges.
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